IMO MLC: A Comprehensive Guide For Seafarers

Hey guys! Let's dive deep into something super important for everyone working at sea: the IMO MLC. This isn't just some boring regulation; it's basically the Bill of Rights for seafarers worldwide. "MLC" stands for Maritime Labour Convention, and "IMO" is the International Maritime Organization. So, put them together, and you've got the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, which is the big one we're talking about. It's a global standard that sets out minimum requirements for seafarers' working and living conditions. Think of it as a comprehensive set of rules designed to ensure that you guys are treated fairly, have safe working environments, and receive decent wages and benefits. It covers pretty much everything, from your employment agreements and working hours to your accommodation, food, health protection, and even repatriation. The goal is to create a level playing field across the shipping industry, ensuring that all seafarers, regardless of their nationality or the flag their ship is sailing under, enjoy fundamental rights. This convention entered into force in 2013, and it's been a game-changer for maritime professionals. It's pretty comprehensive, aiming to protect you, the seafarer, from exploitation and to promote decent work. So, understanding the MLC is not just good practice; it's essential for your career and well-being at sea. We'll break down the key aspects of the IMO MLC so you know exactly what you're entitled to and what your rights are. Let's get started!

Understanding the Core Principles of the IMO MLC

Alright, let's get into the nitty-gritty of what the IMO MLC is all about. At its heart, this convention is built on a few core principles that aim to provide decent work for seafarers. What does decent work mean in this context? It means fair terms of employment, safe working and living conditions, social protection, and the ability to voice grievances without fear. The MLC is structured into Titles, and each Title covers a crucial area. Title 1 focuses on Minimum requirements for seafarers to work on a ship. This includes things like age (you need to be at least 16, with specific rules for hazardous work), medical certification (you must have a valid medical certificate), and training or qualifications needed for your specific role. It’s all about ensuring you’re fit and competent for the job. Title 2 dives into Conditions of employment. This is a massive part, covering your employment agreements (which must be clear, written, and understandable, detailing your wages, leave, repatriation rights, and more), wages (ensuring timely payment and minimum standards), hours of work and rest (this is HUGE, guys! It sets limits on how long you can work and guarantees minimum rest periods to prevent fatigue, which is critical for safety), leave entitlement (you deserve a break!), repatriation (the right to be sent home at the end of your contract or in specific circumstances), and seafarer compensation for loss or total or constructive loss of their personal effects due to shipwreck. Title 3 deals with Accommodation, recreational facilities, food and catering. This Title ensures you have decent living spaces, safe drinking water, nutritious food, and access to recreational activities. It's about making your time on board as comfortable and healthy as possible, considering you spend a lot of time away from home. Title 4 addresses Health protection, medical care, welfare and social security protection. This is all about your well-being. It covers access to onshore medical facilities, accident prevention, and provisions for your social security, like sickness benefits and injury compensation. Title 5 focuses on Compliance and enforcement. This is where the rubber meets the road. It outlines how the MLC is enforced through inspections by port state control officers and flag state administrations, ensuring that ships comply with these standards. The convention also includes regulations and codes. The regulations lay down the general requirements, while the Code (which has two parts: Part A, the mandatory Code, and Part B, the non-mandatory Code) provides more detailed guidance on how to implement the regulations. Understanding these core principles and Titles is fundamental to knowing your rights and responsibilities under the IMO MLC. It's your shield against unfair treatment and your ticket to a safer, more dignified life at sea.

Title 1: Minimum Requirements for Seafarers to Work on a Ship

Let's kick things off with Title 1 of the IMO MLC, which sets the baseline for who can actually work on a ship and under what conditions. This is all about ensuring that everyone heading out to sea is properly prepared and fit for the job. First up, age requirements. Generally, you need to be at least 16 years old to be employed on a ship. However, there are stricter rules for hazardous work. If you're under 18, you're generally prohibited from performing any work that could jeopardize your health, safety, or morals. Think of it as a safety net for younger seafarers. Medical certification is another massive pillar here. Every seafarer working on a ship engaged in international voyages must hold a valid medical certificate. This certificate is issued by an approved medical practitioner after a thorough examination, confirming that you are medically fit to perform your duties at sea. It’s not a one-time thing; these certificates have an expiry date, and you need to renew them regularly to continue working. This ensures that health issues don't suddenly put you or your shipmates at risk. Training and qualifications are also covered. While the MLC doesn't specify exact training courses (those are often covered by other conventions like the STCW), it mandates that seafarers must be competent for the specific roles they are assigned. This means you should have the necessary skills, knowledge, and experience to perform your duties safely and effectively. Employers have a responsibility to ensure you are adequately trained and that your qualifications are up-to-date. Finally, recruitment and placement services are regulated. If you use a manning agency or recruitment service, Title 1 ensures these services are subject to regulation. They must be licensed or approved by the national authorities, and they have responsibilities to ensure you are placed on a ship that meets MLC standards and that you have a proper seafarer's employment agreement. This prevents dodgy agencies from exploiting you. In essence, Title 1 is all about making sure you're the right person for the job, you're healthy enough to do it, and you're not being put in harm's way due to your age or lack of competence. It's the foundational layer of protection that ensures a competent and fit workforce sails the seas.

Title 2: Conditions of Employment – Your Rights on Paper

Now, let's talk about Title 2 of the IMO MLC, which is arguably the most impactful section for your day-to-day life and financial well-being as a seafarer: Conditions of Employment. This Title is packed with crucial rights that every seafarer should be aware of. First and foremost are Seafarer Employment Agreements (SEAs). Forget vague verbal agreements, guys! The MLC mandates that you must have a clear, written employment agreement before you start work. This SEA is your contract and must be in a language you understand. It outlines key details like your job description, wages, the duration of your employment, your entitlement to leave, repatriation rights, and the applicable collective bargaining agreement, if any. It's your legal document, so make sure you read it carefully and keep a copy! Wages are another critical component. The MLC ensures that you receive fair wages, paid regularly and in full, and in a currency of your choice where practicable. There are also minimum wage standards set by either national law or collective bargaining agreements, protecting you from being paid a pittance. Hours of work and rest is a section that gets a lot of attention because it's so vital for preventing fatigue, which is a major safety hazard. The MLC sets limits on your maximum working hours and guarantees minimum periods of rest. Specifically, it limits your working hours to 48 hours per week on average, not to exceed 14 hours in any 24-hour period and 72 hours in any 7-day period. Conversely, it mandates a minimum rest of 10 hours per day, which can be split into no more than two periods, one of which must be at least 6 consecutive hours. The ship's master must maintain records of your working and rest hours, and these records are subject to inspection. This is huge for ensuring you’re not overworked to the point of exhaustion. Leave entitlement is also enshrined here. You have the right to paid annual leave, the minimum period of which is typically 2.5 calendar days for each month of service. This means you get a well-deserved break! Repatriation is a fundamental right. When your employment agreement ends, or in certain other circumstances (like illness, injury, or shipwreck), you have the right to be sent back to your home port at the shipowner's expense. This is a non-negotiable right. Lastly, death, missing persons, abandonment, and shipwreck situations are addressed. The MLC ensures that if the worst happens, your dependants are compensated, or you receive support. For abandonment, it establishes a mechanism for seafarers to be repatriated and for wages to be paid. Essentially, Title 2 is your financial and contractual backbone at sea, ensuring you are treated fairly, paid correctly, and not exploited. It's all about providing you with secure and predictable employment conditions. Make sure you know your rights under this Title – it's your most powerful tool!

Title 3: Accommodation, Food, and Welfare – Comfort at Sea

Moving on to Title 3 of the IMO MLC, we're focusing on something that significantly impacts your quality of life onboard: Accommodation, recreational facilities, food, and catering. After long hours of work, having decent living conditions, good food, and a place to relax is not a luxury; it's a necessity for your well-being and morale. The MLC lays down specific requirements to ensure you're not just surviving at sea but thriving. Accommodation standards are key here. Ships must provide you with accommodation that is sufficient in size, adequately equipped, and protects you from the elements, noise, and vibration. This includes your sleeping quarters, mess rooms, and any other communal areas. The regulations specify minimum space requirements per seafarer in sleeping rooms, ensuring you're not crammed in like sardines. Ventilation, heating, and lighting must also meet certain standards. Food and catering is another big one. You have the right to be provided with food and potable (drinking) water that are adequate in quantity and quality. This means your meals should be nutritious, prepared hygienically, and served at reasonable intervals. The MLC requires that the catering staff are properly trained and that the galleys (kitchens) are equipped to a satisfactory standard. Special dietary needs should also be accommodated where possible. It’s about ensuring you have the fuel you need to do your demanding job. Drinking water is paramount. The provision of safe, clean drinking water is non-negotiable, and regular checks are required to ensure its quality. Recreational facilities might sound like a bonus, but the MLC recognizes their importance for seafarer welfare. Ships should provide facilities for recreation, such as a lounge area, television, and potentially sports equipment, where possible. Access to ship-to-shore leave is also covered, ensuring you have the opportunity to go ashore for rest and recreation when the ship is in port, unless operational requirements prevent it. Health and safety in relation to accommodation and food is also addressed. This includes requirements for sanitation, preventing infestations, and ensuring that the food preparation areas are clean and safe. Essentially, Title 3 is all about making your onboard living experience as comfortable, healthy, and safe as possible. It acknowledges that the ship is your home for extended periods, and therefore, it must meet certain living standards. A happy and well-rested crew is a safer and more productive crew, and this Title is a testament to that understanding. It ensures that even though you're far from home, you're not deprived of basic comforts and necessities.

Title 4: Health Protection, Medical Care, Welfare, and Social Security

Let's talk about Title 4 of the IMO MLC, which focuses on a critical aspect of your life at sea: Health protection, medical care, welfare, and social security protection. Being at sea means you're often far from immediate medical help, so robust provisions are essential to protect your health and ensure you have support when you need it. Medical care is a top priority. The MLC requires shipowners to ensure that seafarers have access to medically appropriate and timely medical care both onboard the ship and ashore. This includes having adequate medical equipment and medicines onboard, and ensuring that any seafarer who is ill or injured is able to receive attention from a qualified person. For ships that don't have a doctor onboard, there must be someone trained to provide medical first aid. Furthermore, when you need medical attention ashore, the shipowner is responsible for the costs of medical treatment, accommodation, and repatriation in connection with sickness or injury occurring during your service. This is a huge relief, knowing that medical emergencies won't bankrupt you. Health and safety protection is woven throughout the MLC, but Title 4 specifically addresses measures to protect your health. This includes measures to prevent accidents, injuries, and occupational diseases. It covers aspects like risk assessment, provision of personal protective equipment (PPE), and proper training on safety procedures. Regular health and safety inspections are also encouraged. Welfare facilities are also a part of this Title. This includes ensuring you have access to facilities for your well-being, both onboard and in port. For example, access to shore leave is crucial, allowing you to visit family, handle personal affairs, and de-stress. Port welfare facilities, like seafarer centers, are also recognized as important. Social security protection is another significant element. The MLC requires that seafarers have access to social security protection, such as sickness benefit, unemployment benefit, old-age benefit, employment injury benefit, and benefits in respect of the death of a seafarer. While the specific implementation varies by country, the principle is that seafarers should not be left without a safety net. This ensures that you and your families have a degree of financial security even if you face illness, injury, or unemployment. The goal is to provide a comprehensive system that safeguards your health, ensures your welfare, and offers financial security throughout your career and beyond. It's about recognizing the unique challenges of seafaring and providing the necessary support structures.

Title 5: Compliance and Enforcement – Making it Happen

Finally, let's tackle Title 5 of the IMO MLC, which is all about Compliance and Enforcement. It's one thing to have all these great rights and standards written down, but it's another thing entirely to make sure they are actually being followed. This Title is the backbone that ensures the MLC has real teeth and makes a difference for seafarers. The convention establishes two main mechanisms for enforcement: Flag State responsibilities and Port State Control (PSC). As a Flag State, the country where the ship is registered has the primary responsibility to ensure that ships flying its flag comply with the MLC. This involves implementing national laws, issuing **Ship-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม-็ม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